Research

I am a nurse, academic and community-engaged researcher in gender, race, health and digital technologies. I am an honorary Adjunct Professor in the Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences- Te Ara Hauora A Pūtaiao at Auckland University of Technology. I recently completed a three-year Vice-Chancellor’s Fellowship at RMIT University, based in the School of Art.

ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3862-5375
Researcher ID: E-8565-2015
Scopus Author ID: 6603404326

My research work in progress includes: whether health technologies provide an opportunity for addressing health inequalities; a critical health agenda around the intersections of race, class, gender, neoliberalism and health technology; examining how wearable health technologies can enhance consumer participation agendas eg through co-design and shared decision making; the implications of new health information technologies for the health care workforce; implications of new health information technologies; and data ethics in the context of the secondary use of clinical data and aggregation of patient data.

I have a passionate interest in culture and health. My main theoretical interests are feminist theory, postcolonial theory and critical qualitative research methodologies. My work includes empirical studies and theoretical investigations into key sites where health inequities are found, including refugee, migrant and indigenous communitiesmaternity and mental health. I am interested in expanding the anti-racist potential of cultural safety in health and social care in order to improve health care outcomes for marginalised groups through theory, practice and policy and to examine the role nurses and other health professionals can play in social justice. To this end, I have a specific interest in critical and self-reflexive approaches in nursing education. More recently, I have begun undertaking secondary research in the form of systematic and integrative reviews (summarising existing research) as a mechanism for supporting decision-making in health and social care. You’ll find more about my scholarly activities below. I am in the process of revamping my website and I’ll be continuing to update this page.

Featured Research

DeSouza, R. (2006). Walking upright here: Countering prevailing discourses through reflexivity and methodological pluralism. Muddy Creek Press, New Zealand

  • De Souza, R. (2020). Data and inequity: Who’s missing in big data? Melbourne: University of Melbourne. ISBN: 978 0 7340 5596 5.
  • Williamson, A., & DeSouza, R. (Eds.). (2008). Researching with communities. Auckland: Muddy Creek Press. ISBN-13: 978-0955694103
  • De Souza, R., (2007). Faith and ethnic communities. Aotearoa Ethnic Network, 2(2). Faith. ISSN 1177-3472.
  • DeSouza, R., & Williamson, A. (2007). Aotearoa Ethnic Network Journal, 2(1): ICT. ISSN 1177-3472.
  • DeSouza, R., & Williamson, A. (2006). Aotearoa Ethnic Network Journal, 1(2): Creativity. ISSN 1177-3472.
  • DeSouza, R., & Williamson, A. (2006). Aotearoa Ethnic Network Journal, 1(1). ISSN 1177-3472.

Dillard-Wright, J., Iradukunda, F., De Souza, R., & Valderama-Wallace, C. (2023). No as an act of care: A glossary for kinship, care praxis, and nursing’s radical imagination. In M. Lipscomb (Ed.), Routledge handbook of philosophy and nursing (pp. 415–428). Routledge: London.


De Souza, R. (2023). On racism and care in Nursing. In L. Potter (Ed.), No longer silent: Voices of 21st Century Nurses (pp. 133–147). Australian College of Nursing. Australia: Ocean Reeve.


Heiss, L., Hamilton, O., Coombs, G., De Souza, R., Kokshagina, O., Foley, M. (2022). Mutuality as a Foundation for Co-designing Health Futures. In: Bruyns, G., Wei, H. (eds) [ ] With Design: Reinventing Design Modes. IASDR 2021. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4472-7_213


De Souza, R. (2022). Using arts-based participatory methods to teach Cultural Safety. In Jess Dillard-Wright, Jane Hopkins Walsh, Brandon Blaine Brown. Nursing a Radical Imagination: Moving from Theory and History to Action and Alternate Futures. (1st Edition, pp. 152–166). Routledge.


De Souza, R. (2021). Going Without: Migrant Mothers, Food and the Postnatal Ward in New Zealand. In T. M. Cassidy and A. O. El-Tom (Eds.), Moving Meals and Migrating Mothers: Culinary cultures, diasporic dishes and familial foodways. Toronto: Demeter Press: 171-18


DeSouza, R. & Higgins, R. (2020). Cultural safety: An overview. In J. Lillie, K. Larsen, & C. Kirkwood, J. J. Brown, (Eds.), The Relationship is the Project: Working with Communities. Australia: Brow Books: 81-88

O’Brien, T., De Souza, R. & Baker, M. (2017). Providing culturally safe care.  In M Chambers (Ed.), Psychiatric and mental health nursing: The craft of caring (Third ed). London: Routledge.

De Souza, R. (2015). Navigating the ethics in cultural safety. In D. Wepa (Ed.), Cultural safety. Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press: 111-124.

De Souza, R. (2015). Culturally safe care for ethnically and religiously diverse communities. In D. Wepa (Ed.), Cultural safety. Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press: 189-203.

Bradley, P., & De Souza, R. (2013). Mental Health in Australia and New Zealand. In R. Elder, K. Evans & D. Nizette (Eds.), Practical perspectives in psychiatric and mental health nursing (Third edition). New South Wales:  Elsevier Australia.

DeSouza, R (2012). Power relations. In S. Shaw , A. Haxell and T. Weblemoe (Eds.), Communications across the lifespan. Auckland: Oxford University Press.

DeSouza, R. (2011). ‘All of me meets here, an alchemy of parts’ – Negotiating my identities in New Zealand. Localizing Asia in Aotearoa. P. Voci and J. Leckie. Wellington, Dunmore Publishing: 231-245.

DeSouza, R. (2010). New mothers in a new land: Indian migrant mothers talk. India in New Zealand: Local identities, global relations. S. Bandyopadhyay. Dunedin, Otago University Press: 207-217.

McNeill, H., Paterson, J., Sundborn, G., DeSouza, R., Weblemoe, T., McKinney, C., et al. (2009). Culture health and wellbeing. In S. Shaw & B. Deed (Eds.), Health and environment in Aotearoa/New Zealand (pp. 95-124). Auckland: Oxford University Press.

O’Brien, T., Morrison-Ngatai, E., & De Souza, R. (2009). Providing culturally safe care  In P. Barker (Ed.), Psychiatric and mental health nursing: The craft of caring (Second ed., pp. 635-643). London: Arnold.

Wood, P., Bradley, P., & De Souza, R. (2008). Mental Health in Australia and New Zealand. In R. Elder, K. Evans & D. Nizette (Eds.), Practical perspectives in psychiatric and mental health nursing (Second ed., pp. 86-107). New South Wales: Mosby, Elsevier Australia.

DeSouza, R. (2007). Sifting out the sweetness: Migrant motherhood in New Zealand. In Liamputtong, P. (Ed.). Reproduction, Childbearing and Motherhood: A Cross-Cultural Perspective (239-251). New York: Nova Science Publishers.

Pavagada, R., DeSouza, R. (2007). Culture and mental health care in New Zealand: indigenous and non-indigenous people. In K. Bhui & D. Bhugra (Eds.), Culture and mental health (pp. 245-260). London: Hodder Arnold.

DeSouza, R. (Jan, 2007). Multicultural relationships in supervision. In D. Wepa (Ed), Clinical supervision in the health professions: The New Zealand experience. Auckland: Pearson Education.

DeSouza, R. (2005). Working with migrant and refugee women. In A. Hodren (Ed.), Royal New Zealand Plunket Society National Resource Manual. (pp. 72-77). Wellington: Royal New Zealand Plunket Society.

DeSouza, R. (2005). Postnatal mental health. In A. Hodren (Ed.), Royal New Zealand Plunket Society National Resource Manual. (pp. 99-113) Wellington: Royal New Zealand Plunket Society.

Williamson, A., Kennedy, D. M., DeSouza, R., & McNaught, C. (2005). Managing intellectual capital and intellectual property within software development communities of practice. In E. Coakes & S. Clarke (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Communities of Practice in Information and Knowledge Management (pp. 364-374). Hershey, PA: Idea Group.

De Souza, R. (2004). Working with refugees and migrants. In D. Wepa (Ed.), Cultural safety (pp. 122-133). Auckland: Pearson Education New Zealand.

Wood, P., Bradley, P., & De Souza, R. (2004). Mental Health in Australia and New Zealand. In R. Elder, K. Evans & D. Nizette (Eds.), Practical perspectives in psychiatric and mental health nursing (pp. 80-98). New South Wales: Elsevier Australia.

Peach, J, Ehau, N. De Souza, R, Nonu-Reid, E. (1997). Documenting the cultural dimension of practice. In J. Richmond. (Ed.), Nursing Documentation: Writing what we do. Melbourne: Ausmed.

  • De Souza, R., Khorana, S., and Chatranshi, B. (2022). New mothers and apps during COVID-19. All the support fell out: South Asian migrant perspectives. RMIT University, Melbourne and Young and Resilient Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney.
  • Hjorth, L., Richardson, I., Andrejevic, M., De Souza, R., and Davies, H. (2020). COVIDSafe: Perceptions and Practices Summary Report. RMIT University, Melbourne.
  • Hjorth, L., Richardson, I., Andrejevic, M., De Souza, R., and Davies, H. (2020). COVIDSafe: Perceptions and Practices Summary Report. RMIT University, Melbourne.
  • Richardson, I., Hendry, N., Gomes, C., Coombs, G., Hjorth, L., DeSouza, R., Harris, A. (2020). HDR Belonging: Practices & Perceptions during COVID-19, Report 2. Melbourne: RMIT University
  • DeSouza, R., Hendry, N., Stevens, R., Gomes, C., Harris, A., Hjorth, L., Richardson, I., & Kokanovic, R. (2020). In a time of uncertainty: supporting belonging and wellbeing for HDR students. Melbourne: RMIT University.
  • Team,V., Whittaker, A., Manderson, L., Quiazon, R., Murdolo, A & DeSouza, R. (2015). Contraceptive technologies and reproductive choice among immigrant women. Family Planning NSW: Sydney.
  • DeSouza, R. (2012). Doing It for Ourselves: Refugee women on their own in New Zealand (pdf full report). Auckland: Refugee Services.
  • McPherson, K., Diesfeld K, Schluter P, Travalglia S, Ryan B, DeSouza R, Boocock M, Harwood M, LaGrow S, Callaghan K, Gorman D, Tuiqereqere D. Evaluation of Vocational Rehabilitation under the Injury Prevention Rehabilitation and Compensation (IPRC) Act 2001 (2007). (A report commissioned by the Accident Compensation Corporation New Zealand). Auckland: AUT University
  • Bellringer, M., Pulford, J., Abbott, M., DeSouza, R., & Clarke, D. (2007). Problem gambling: Barriers to help seeking behaviours [Final draft] (Technical). Auckland: Ministry of Health.
  • DeSouza, R. (2006). New spaces and possibilities: The adjustment to parenthood for new migrant mothers. Wellington: Families Commission (pdf blueskies-desouza).
  • Williamson, A., & DeSouza, R. (2006). Direct qualitative analysis of data from digital audio sources. Waitakere City: Wairua Consulting Limited.
  • DeSouza, R., & Garrett, N. (2005). Access issues for Chinese people in New Zealand. Auckland: Auckland University of Technology (access_issues).
  • Williamson, A., & DeSouza, R. (2003). Evaluation of the Otara Digital Opportunities Project. Auckland, NZ: UNITEC Centre for IT Research.

Tufunga Arts Trust: Lotus in Bloom 9th October -22nd November 2015,catalogue essay, Mangere Arts Centre, Auckland.
Bepen Bhana: Postcards from the Edge 4 May-7 July 2013 catalogue essay in Postcards from the Edge, a solo exhibition by Auckland-based artist Bepen Bhana exploring the history of New Zealand’s landscape in painting and as a backdrop for Bollywood films, at Te Tuhi Centre for the Arts, Auckland.

Editorial Board member of the journals: Transcultural Nursing, The Hive (Publication of the Australian College of Nursing) and Journal of Advanced Nursing.

Ethnicity and Health, Women’s Studies Journal of New Zealand, The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, AlterNative, Collegian, International Journal of Migration and Border Studies (IJMBS), Kotuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online. (Massey University), Journal of Advanced Nursing, Transcultural Nursing, Contemporary Nurse, Diversity in Health and Social Care, Paediatric Child Health Nursing, International Journal of Mental Health & Addiction, Journal of Palliative Care, Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, Health & Social Care in the Community, Health and Place, Maternal and Child Health Journal, Social Work Review, The American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Women’s Health and Urban Life journal, Bulletin of Information Technology Research, SIGNS, SITES, Australian Journal of Adult Learning, Journal of Neonatal, Whitireia Nursing Journal, Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies.

  • 2020 Centres of Research Excellence, Royal Society of New Zealand.
  • 2015 National Health and Medical Research Council’s (NHMRC) Project Grants funding
  • 2015 Health Research Council of New Zealand: Maori Health Committee programme proposal
  • 2014 Health Research Council of New Zealand: Maori Health Committee programme proposal
  • 2011 Lottery Health Research Committee – New Zealand Lotteries Commission
  • 2010 Lottery Health Research Committee – New Zealand Lotteries Commission
  • 2007 Marsden Fund Fast Start applications (contestable fund administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand)
  • 2005 Health Research Council of New Zealand: Research Proposals for funding
  • 2022 Examiner: Masters of Public Health, University of Otago.
  • 2021 Examiner: Doctor of Philosophy, School of Nursing/ École des sciences infirmières, University of Ottawa/ Université d’Ottawa.
    2020 Examiner: Doctor of Philosophy, School of Education, Massey University.
  • 2020 Examiner: Masters of Public Health, School of Population Health, University of Auckland.
  • 2017 Examiner: Masters of Public Health, School of Population Health, University of Auckland.
  • 2015 Examiner: Doctor of Philosophy, University of Waikato, Political Science and Public Policy.
  • 2014 Examiner: Doctor of Philosophy, School of Counselling, Human Services and Social Work, University of Auckland.
  • 2014 Examiner: Doctor of Philosophy, School of Geography, University of Waikato.
  • 2014 Examiner: Masters of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Auckland.
  • 2013 Examiner: Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Flinders University
  • 2012 Examiner: Master of Development Studies, School of Geography, Environment and Earth Science. Victoria University of Wellington.
  • 2010 Examiner: Master of Public Health, School of Population Health, University of Auckland.
  • 2008 Examiner: Master of Arts (Psychology) Massey University.
  • 2007 Examiner: Master of Arts (Psychology) Massey University.
  • 2006 Examiner: Master of Arts (Social Policy) Massey University.
  • 2006 Examiner: Master of Arts (Nursing) Victoria University.
  • 2018 : Dr Danny Butt, Dr Ruth De Souza, Tania Canas. “Performing Statelessness”. Seed Funding Scheme, University of Melbourne Statelessness Hallmark Research Initiative.
  • 2014 A/Prof Yelena Tsarenko, Dr Dewi Tojib, Dr RoseAnne Misajon, Dr Ruth DeSouza. Social determinants of wellbeing for ethnic women: Improving support services for recent immigrants. Faculty Interdisciplinary Research Grant Scheme, Faculty of Business and Economics Monash University.
  • 2014: Dr Mark Symmons, Dr Meredith McIntyre, Dr Ruth DeSouza, Tony Woods, Lesley Macgibbon. ‘Optimising direct entry success: an online transition course for students beginning university at second year’. Office for Learning and Teaching (OLT) Innovation and Development Grant.
  • 2009: Ruth DeSouza. Vice Chancellor’s Staff PhD Completion Award. AUT University.
  • 2009: Ruth DeSouza. Jenni Broom, Jill Conway: ‘Research into the Resettlement Experience and Special Needs of Women at Risk: an evaluation to create best practice support systems’. Lotteries Community Sector Research Fund.
  • 2008: Ruth DeSouza .Migrant fathers’ experiences of fathering in a new country: Implications for health and social service providers. AUT Internal Contestable Grant.
  • 2007: Professor Kathryn McPherson, Dr Deborah Payne, Dr Dianne Roy, Professor Cynthia Farquhar, Dr Matire Harwood, Ms Ruth DeSouza, Associate Professor Lynne Giddings. Improving health interventions and support for mothers experiencing disability.
  • 2006. Waller, N., DeSouza, R.  Trauma and migrant women, Internal contestable grant.
  • 2006. Gao, W., DeSouza, R. and Paterson, J. Pilot study: The uptake of cervical screening in Chinese immigrants in Auckland    Internal contestable grant.
  • 2006: Abbot, M. and DeSouza, R.  Barriers and enablers to help seeking for problem gamblers and families. Ministry of Health.
  • 2005 McPherson, K., Diesfeld, K. et al.,Evaluation of Vocational Rehabilitation under the IPRC Act. Accident Compensation Corporation.
  • 2005: DeSouza, R. and  Macfarlane, E. The adjustment to parenting for ethnic women and the implications for health policy and service delivery, Families Commission Blue Skies Funding.
  • 2005: Williamson, A. and DeSouza, R  Evaluation of the use of ICT in early childhood education    City of Manukau Education Trust.
  • 2005: Williamson, A. and DeSouza, R. Evaluation of youth skills project, Enterprise Waitakere.
  • 2005: DeSouza, R. Bellringer, M. and Garrett, N. Access Issues for Chinese People in New Zealand    Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC).
  • 2005: DeSouza, R. and  Macfarlane, E. The adjustment to parenting for ethnic women and the implications for health policy and service delivery, Royal New Zealand Plunket volunteers.
  • 2004. Guerin, B., DeSouza R. and Dunstan, S. First National Refugee Research Conference. SPEaR.
  • 2004: Craig, B., Williamson, A., and DeSouza, R. National survey of community ICT planning, training and support. Department of Labour.
  • 2003: Williamson, A., and DeSouza R. Evaluation of Otara Digital Opportunities Project City of Manukau Education Trust.
  • Utilising patient-generated health data (PGHD) in clinical practice

    Utilising patient-generated health data (PGHD) in clinical practice

    I have had a long-standing interest in how the rapidly expanding field of consumer health technologies can enhance health literacy and enhance participation. However, there is a lag between the uptake of such devices and the preparedness of both health professionals and healthcare systems to integrate such useful but also voluminous data. For the last…

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  • Alternatives to Emergency departments

    Alternatives to Emergency departments

    For many years in both England and Auckland, New Zealand. I worked in a psychiatric liason role meaning that I would be called to assess people who presented with a mental health crisis at the emergency department. I am interested in pathways to and through care. It was a privilege to co-supervise Hons student Jessica…

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  • QUT: Co-design of a future health education and research precinct

    QUT: Co-design of a future health education and research precinct

    In 2020 I was part of a design team including Leah Heiss, Olivia Hamilton, Marius Foley, and Olga Kokshagina, engaged by two architectural firms, to develop and deliver an online co-design process to understand the research, teaching and engagement opportunities afforded by a new health precinct. Our engagement as part of the generative stages of…

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  • Data and inequity

    Data and inequity

    The capacity to gather, analyse and use data through sophisticated computational techniques like big data analytics and machine learning, combined with digital surveillance represents significant social, political-economic, and technological developments that have become ubiquitous in ordering our lives. Data can be used toward potentially discriminatory or unethical purposes with the potential to exacerbate social inequalities…

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  • The Nurses and Midwives’ Art Exchange

    The Nurses and Midwives’ Art Exchange

    Collaborators: Kelly Hussey-Smith, Grace McQuilten, Fleur Summers, Mark Edgoose. Funding was received from ACN, CAST, Eastern Health (Peter Mellow), and Design and Creative Practice Enabling Capability Platform (RMIT University). This collaborative project named the Nurses and Midwives art exchange was an attempt to hear and amplify the collective voices of these professionals, whose views and…

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  • Performing Statelessness

    Performing Statelessness

    In 2018, the Statelessness Hallmark Research Initiative awarded Danny Butt (Fine Arts, University of Melbourne), myself, Tania Canas (RISE Refugees/cohealth Arts Gen/UoM) and Genevieve Grieves (Museums Victoria) seed funding in their first Projects Round for interdisciplinary research projects. Performing Statelessness considered the following questions: How is the condition of statelessness experienced and performed in everyday…

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  • COVIDSAFE Perceptions and Practices

    COVIDSAFE Perceptions and Practices

    In 2020 Dr Hugh Davies, Prof Larissa Hjorth, Prof Ingrid Richardson (all from RMIT), Prof Mark Andrejevic (Monash University) and I began researching practices and perceptions of COVID-19. Our areas of inquiry included: How do Australians respond to their information and locations being monitored and recorded? How have people adjusted to differing understandings of civic…

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  • HDR students belonging and connection

    HDR students belonging and connection

    Our interdisciplinary research team comprising Dr Natalie Hendry, Prof Larissa Hjorth, Prof Ingrid Richardson, Dr Catherine Gomes, Dr Gretchen Coombs, and Assoc Prof Anne Harris (RMIT) was commissioned by the RMIT School of Graduate Research (SGR) to undertake qualitative, ethnographic research to explore HDR candidates’ experiences of belonging and connection during the COVID-19 pandemic. We…

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  • Mental Health Care in the Emergency Department: Learning from Lived Experience

    Mental Health Care in the Emergency Department: Learning from Lived Experience

    In 2020 I joined Professor Renata Kokanovic, Rory Randall, Rebecca Egan, Indigo Daya, Prof Stuart Thomas, Dr Cameron Duff, Dr Chris Maylea, Dr Nicholas Hill Dr Natalie Hendry and Chad O’Brien on a project to understand people’s experiences of attending an Emergency Department (ED) for mental health-related concerns. The data have been used to produce…

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  • Self-tracking and people from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Communities

    Self-tracking and people from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Communities

    Exploring the impact of the proliferation of mobile and wearable health technologies, through the lens of health literacy.

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  • Alone together

    Alone together

    Exploring perceptions around COVID19 strategies and telecare, from the point of view of older adults from CALD backgrounds living independently in Melbourne.

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  • New Mothers and Apps During Covid-19

    New Mothers and Apps During Covid-19

    Sukhmani Khorana, Bhavya Chitranshi and I recently completed research about the experiences of six cisgender South Asian-Australian women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Scholarly Activity